Describe the Role of the Surfactant in the Alveoli

15 mark B Type Il alveolar cell Alveolar macrophage с Alveolar fluid lining with pulmonary surfactant Interstitial fluid Alveolus pulmonary capillary Erythrocyte A Type I alveolar cell 1. Which of the following statements describes surfactant.

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The type 2 alveoli cells can also turn into stem cells.

. Because surface tension leads to the recoiling of the alveoli the surfactant significantly decreases the possibility of the lungs collapsing. Secrete pulmonary surfactant remove pathogens and debris facilitate gas exchange 3. The oxygen-rich air travels down the trachea and then into one of the two.

Surfactant reduces surface tension more readily when the alveoli are smaller because the surfactant is more concentrated. In summary the following things can be said about the alveolar shape and structure. Alveoli are the endpoint of the respiratory system which starts when we inhale air into the mouth or nose.

Open at one end like a cup. Surfactant is an agent that decreases the surface tension between two media. Surfactant is composed of phospholipids and protein and coats the alveoli and smallest bronchioles which prevents the pressure buildup from.

The main functions of surfactant are as follows. Pulmonary surfactant which is inadequate in the premature infant modifies surface tension during the act of breathing and is necessary for maintenance of alveolar stability. Prevent the basically spherical alveoli from collapsing during expiration and decrease the effort needed to expand the alveoli at the next inspiration increases pulmonary compliance.

Alveoli are the basic unit of the gas exchange surface. In addition the lung does not consist of isolated and spherical alveoli but a dense packing of polyhedral air spaces separated by alveolar septa. Walls of the alveoli are composed of the pulmonary capillary sheet.

Luckily alveolar cells have found a way to counteract surface tension by producing surfactant which is a phospholipoprotein that reduces the surface tension keeping the alveoli open so that we can breathe properly. 1 lowering surface tension at the airliquid interface and thus preventing alveolar collapse at end-expiration 2 interacting with and subsequent killing of pathogens or preventing their dissemination and 3 modulating immune responses. Alveolar surfaces are covered in a thin 200 nm layer of surfactant which acts as the interface with the gas.

The role of surfactant is to prevent lungs from recoiling too fast by reducing surface tension. Pulmonary surfactant is a complex mixture of lipids and specific proteins that stabilizes alveoli at the end of expiration and has an important role in innate immune defense. That being said take a deep breath because were about to delve into the physics of surface tension.

Pleural pressure refers to the pressure within the pleural cavity. Respiratory Disease Syndrome in premature infants is when there is not enough surfactant. C It protects the surface of the lungs.

Surfactant prevents the lungs from collapsing by reducing surface tension throughout the lungs. This fluid maintains the shape of the air sac and helps keep it open so that oxygen and CO2 can pass. Alveoli are lined by a fluid called surfactant.

D It replaces mucus in the alveoli. Prevention of fluid accumulation and maintenance of dryness of airways Surface tension draws fluid from capillaries to the alveolar spaces. The pulmonary surfactant is produced by the alveolar type-II AT-II cells of the lungs.

At this point the oxygen molecules move through a single layer of lung cells in the alveolus then through a single cell layer in a capillary to enter the bloodstream. The walls of the alveoli are composed of the pulmonary capillary sheet. Surfactant is a mixture of lipids and proteins secreted into the alveolar space by AT2 cells.

On the basis of investigations of the dynamic surface tension of lung alveolar surfactant from rat lungs however the minimal surface tension of alveoli is 18-20 dnycm. In particular surfactant stabilizes alveolar dimensions and thus prevents alveolar collapse by a surface-area dependent reduction of alveolar surface tension and is therefore essential for normal alveolar micromechanics and lung function see below. These lipids play a key role in modulating surface tension.

Describe the role of each of these cells in the alveoli of the lungs. B It helps prevent the alveoli from collapsing. Genetic or autoimmune mechanisms that disrupt the normal production function or catabolism of surfactant can result in diffuse lung disease that is variable in its onset.

Structure and shape of the alveoli. - Surfactant is continuously synthesised and secreted by type II alveolar cells. The surfactant helps keep the shape of each alveolus when you breathe in and out.

Without surfactant the surface tension present in the lungs causes the alveoli to stick together during expiration which causes both lungs to collapse. The surfactant roles in the lungs include to reduce surface tension at the airliquid interface in the lungs alveoli therefore preventing atelectasis killing pathogens by interacting and also preventing dissemination and to modulate immune responses. O Type II cells are also capable of cellular division giving rise to more type I and II alveolar cells when the lung tissue is damaged.

Surface tension is the main force that is present within the alveoli of the lungs. These facts led to the development of the concept that it might be possible to treat the premature infant by supplementing the infants inadequate surfactant supply. The critical lipid component of surfactant is dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine DPPC an atypical phospholipid species of phosphatidylcholine in that both fatty acid side chains are saturated.

A It replaces mucus in the alveoli. The surface tension between gaseous-aqueous interphase in the lungs is decreased by the presence of a thin layer of fluid known as pulmonary surfactant. Pleural pressure prevents the lungs from collapsing by being lower than alveolar pressure thereby reducing the collapse of the lung.

The layer that is created by the surfactant molecules decreases surface tension by as much as ten times. - It reduces alveolar surface tension throughout the lungs in order to. Surfactant reduces surface tension allowing the alveoli to expand.

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Surfactant Pulmonary Surfactant Pulmonary Surface Tension